 |
|||
|
ABSTRACT ARCHIVE |
|||
|
|||
|
|
 |
|
|
|
CryoLetters is a bimonthly, international journal for low temperature science and technology |
|
|
|
CryoLetters 29 (5), 363-370 (2008) CRYOPRESERVATION OF Centaurea ultreiae (Compositae) A CRITICALLY ENDANGERED SPECIES FROM GALICIA (SPAIN) Rubén Mallón1, Eric Bunn2,3, Shane Robert Turner2,4 and María Luz González1* 1Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain Abstract Ex situ conservation of endangered plants is an important aim in order to preserve biodiversity of flora in threatened ecosystems. Among the biotechnological techniques which can be used, cryopreservation is emerging as a preferred option in many instances. This study describes a cryopreservation technique developed for shoot tips of the endangered species Centaurea ultreiae (Compositae) using a vitrification procedure. Basal medium (BM) for preculture and loading phases consisted of 1/2 MS basal salts with modified vitamins (3 μ thiamine). For preculturing shoot tips, BM with five osmotic treatments were investigated: 0.3 M sucrose ± 20 μ ABA, 0.6 M glycerol ± 20 μ ABA and 0.25 M sucrose + 0.25 M glycerol + 10 μ ABA. A loading solution treatment (BM with 2 M glycerol and 0.4 M sucrose) was applied prior to exposure of shoot tips to PVS2 and found to be indispensable to obtaining successful post-LN recovery. Highest (95.5%) regrowth of LN immersed shoot tips was obtained following incubation on BM + 0.3 M sucrose + 20 μ ABA or 0.25 M sucrose + 0.25 M glycerol + 10 μ ABA, with loading treatment and PVS2 exposure for 20 minutes at 0ºC. Keywords: cryopreservation, encapsulation, endangered species, ex situ conservation, vitrification
CryoLetters 29 (5), 371-381 (2008) DIFFUSION CONTROLLED ICE GROWTH WITH SOFT IMPINGEMENT INSIDE BIOLOGICAL CELLS DURING FREEZING Cong Chen1 and Weizhong Li2 Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, P. R. China 116024 Abstract An iterative method has been proposed to determine the relationship between the temperature depression of intracellular ice formation (IIF) and the equilibrium melting point depression for initial cryoprotective agent (CPA) concentrations larger than 1.5M. Using the iterative method coupling with a water transport model for freezing induced cell dehydration and intracellular ice growth, the temperature of IIF has been determined. The new model of temperature of IIF has been applied to predict nucleation parameters at various temperature and initial CPA concentrations according to Karlsson’s approach. A geometrical model of soft impingement proposed by Bruna has been incorporated into Karlsson’s diffusion limited crystal growth model to include the effect of soft impingement. The new crystal growth model has been verified by a comparison between the predicted critical cooling rates for vitrification with the reported values in literature. With the new crystal growth model, it has been found that the limiting value of the crystallized volume fraction increases as cooling progresses and decreases as the initial CPA concentration increases. A comparison of simulated crystallized volume fractions when soft impingement, hard impingement and no corrections are used has also been made and the result shows that soft impingement could not be omitted in the prediction of intracellular ice formation and growth, especially when the final crystallized volume fraction is larger than 0.1. Keywords: Cryopreservation, vitrification, intracellular ice formation, soft impingement, the critical cooling rate, the critical concentration
CryoLetters 29 (5), 383-390 (2008) SIMPLE AND INEXPENSIVE METHOD FOR CRYOPRESERVATION OF FISH SPERM COMBINING STRAW AND POWDERED DRY ICE George Shigueki Yasui1*, Lenin Arias-Rodriguez1,2, Takafumi Fujimoto1 and Katsutoshi Arai1 1Graduate School of Fisheries Science, Division of Marine Life Sciences, Laboratory of Aquaculture Genetics and Genomics, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1- Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan.
E-mail: Abstract Here, we propose a simple and inexpensive method for fish sperm cryopreservation. Sperm samples of the loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Teleostei: Cobitidae) were diluted 7-fold by an extender containing 63.5mM NaCl, 114mM KCl, 20mM Tris and 10% methanol. The cryogenic straws were placed in three kinds of self-made tubes which diameter was changed by commercially available materials and then immersed into powdered dry ice for 2 min and plunged into liquid nitrogen. This procedure resulted in a cooling rate at -421.4±119.84 (control), -55.8 ± 4.32 (tube 1), -40.2 ± 3.43 (tube 2) and -33.3 ± 2.09ºC/min (tube 3). In the slowest cooling rate by the tube 3, total motility (72 ± 3%), duration
Keywords: cryopreservation, dry ice, fish, cooling rate, Misgurnus, sperm, straw
CryoLetters 29 (5), 391-398 (2008) CHOLESTEROL ADDITION AND REMOVAL IN PACIFIC OYSTER OOCYTES DOES NOT IMPROVE CRYOPRESERVATION SUCCESS Liliana Salinas-Flores 1, S. L. Adams 2*, and M. H. Lim 1 1 Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, 2 Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand Abstract An optimum cholesterol content in cells could provide the benefit of lowering or eliminating the lipid phase transition temperature, while maintaining membrane fluidity and strength; thus, making cells less sensitive to chilling injury and more amenable to cryopreservation. Such effects were shown in some gametes and embryos of certain mammalian species, however, some other cell types, benefited from cholesterol removal. The experiments developed in this study aimed to determine the effect of incubating Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) oocytes in cholesterol-addition or removal solutions prior to cryopreservation on their post-thaw fertilization ability. The results showed a positive association of cholesterol with the oocytes when assessed by fluorescent microscopy. However, this uptake was not reflected by an increase in cholesterol as determined by colorimetric analysis or in the post-thaw fertilization rate of treated oocytes. It is presumed either that oyster oocytes already contain a substantial amount of cholesterol or other lipids in their plasma membranes and do not benefit from any additional cholesterol or there is no lipid phase transition temperature in oyster oocytes. Keywords: Crassostrea gigas; cyclodextrins; cholesterol; cryopreservation; oyster
CryoLetters 29 (5), 399-408 (2008) Cryopreservation of Dioscorea rotundata Poir.: A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH TWO CRYOGENIC PROCEDURES AND ASSESSMENT OF TRUE-TO-TYPE REGENERANTS BY RAPD ANALYSIS B.B. Mandal1*, Sangeeta Ahuja-Ghosh2 and P.S. Srivastava3 1Tissue Culture and Cryopreservation Unit, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India. Abstract The aim of this study was to develop a cryopreservation protocol for Dioscorea rotundata with maintenance of genetic stability of regenerated plants after cryopreservation. In vitro shoot tips were cryopreserved using vitrification and encapsulation-dehydration to compare the efficacy of the two methods. Both methods produced high levels of plant regeneration from cryopreserved shoot tips. The regeneration level obtained using vitrification (71%) was not significantly different from that obtained using encapsulation-dehydration (67%). Genetic stability of plants derived from cryopreserved shoot tips was evaluated using RAPD markers. Analysis of 50 cryopreserved-derived and 20 in vitro- maintained (control) plantlets showed that 10 primers produced 77 clear, reproducible bands, with the amplification products being monomorphic for all the plantlets tested. A total of 5,390 bands obtained from this study exhibited no aberration in RAPD banding. Thus, the present study showed that both vitrification and encapsulation-dehydration methods are equally applicable to D. rotundata for cryopreservation. The in vitro plantlets derived from cryopreservation were genetically stable at the molecular level tested. Key words: Dioscorea rotundata, cryopreservation, vitrification, encapsulation dehydration, RAPD, genetic stability.
CryoLetters 29 (5), 409-418 (2008) CRYOPRESERVATION BY ENCAPSULATION OF Gentiana spp. CELL SUSPENSIONS MAINTAINS REGROWTH, EMBRYONIC COMPETENCE AND DNA CONTENT Anna Mikuł1*, Marta Olas1, Elwira Sliwinska2, and Jan J. Rybczyńki1 1Botanical Garden – Center for Biological Diversity Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Prawdziwka 2, 02-973 Warsaw, Poland Abstract A reliable technique for cryopreservation by encapsulation was developed for two suspension cultures of gentian species (Gentiana tibetica and G. cruciata) of different ages and embryogenic potential. The effect of water content, aggregate size and the subculture time on viability was determined by the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) test. Regrowth of a proembryogenic mass (PEM) on agar, liquid or agar/liquid media was assayed by measuring the increase in biomass. A water content of 24-30% (fresh weight basis) after 5-6 h dehydration of encapsulated cells of gentians yielded the highest survival (68% for G. tibetica and 83% for G. cruciata) after cryopreservation. Regardless of species, aggregate size and subculture time, the lowest PEM survival was 44%. These parameters did not influence the survival of G. tibetica PEM, but the survival of G. cruciata was higher when the smaller aggregates were cryopreserved on the 5th day of culture. Agar/liquid culture caused the greatest biomass increase. Cryopreservation did not affect the characteristics of suspension cultures and their regrowth after thawing, nor the number and dynamics of somatic embryos formed. Flow cytometry showed that cryopreservation did not change the genome size of the PEMs or regenerants. Keywords: flow cytometry, Gentiana cruciata, Gentiana tibetica, suspension culture, recovery, somatic embryogenesis
CryoLetters 29 (5), 419-426 (2008) DESSICATION SENSITIVITY AND CRYOPRESERVATION OF KOREAN GINSENG SEEDS Haeng-Hoon Kim1*, Jang-Ho Lee2, Dong-Jin Shin1, Ho-Cheol Ko1, Hae-Sung Hwang1, Taesan Kim1, Eun-Gi Cho1 and Florent Engelmann3, 4 1National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea Abstract Korean ginseng germplasm is maintained as clonal germplasm since there is no practical method for long-term seed conservation. The aim of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for Korean ginseng seeds. Desiccation of undehisced ginseng seeds to a moisture content (MC) of 7.1 % did not decrease their dehiscence and germination. After cryopreservation, the dehiscence percentage of desiccated seeds decreased for MC above 12.5%; it was 26% for 22.6% seed MC and nil for 41.9% seed MC. Germination percentage did not decrease significantly between 12.5-22.6% seed MC, while germination percentage of dehisced seeds decreased below 7.2% MC, reaching 25.8% at 3.8% MC. After cryopreservation, the germination percentage decreased from 90.5-92.9% at 8.3-10.6% MC to 84.8% at 12.5% MC. At MCs below 8.3%, germination rapidly decreased from 85.0% at 7.2% MC to 34.9% at 5.3% MC. Therefore, the hydration window for cryopreservation of ginseng seeds is around 8-11% MC. Undehisced Korean ginseng seeds were characterized by their high lipid and protein content (lipids, 42.6% FW; proteins, 41.0% FW). When using thermal analysis, during the cooling phase, exothermic ice crystallization peaks were observed with dehisced ginseng seeds above 13.5% MCs (3.3 J g-1 FW). A second crystallization peak was detected following ice crystallization peaks. Keywords: after-ripening, desiccation, germination, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.
CryoLetters 29 (5), 427-436 (2008) CRYOPRESERVATION AND METABOLIC PROFILING ANALYSIS OF Arabidopsis T87 SUSPENSION-CULTURED CELLS Yoichi Ogawa1, Hideyuki Suzuki1, Nozomu Sakurai1, Koh Aoki1, Kazuki Saito1, 2 and Daisuke Shibata1* 1. Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan. Abstract We established a simple cryopreservation protocol for Arabidopsis T87 cells using an encapsulation-dehydration method. T87 cells were encapsulated into alginate beads containing 2 M glycerol and 0.4 M sucrose. Alginate beads containing T87 cells were dehydrated with silica gel for 2 h (to c. 0.7 g H2O g DW-1) followed by immersed in LN. After rewarming at 35°C for 3 min and 1-d incubation under continuous illumination at 22°C, cryopreserved T87 cells exhibited considerable regrowth. Exponentially-grown 7-d-old T87 cells regrew more vigorously (86% of control) than 14-d-old cells after cryopreservation without preculture in medium containing 0.3 M sucrose. Genetic stability of cryopreserved T87 cells was demonstrated by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) and principal component analysis (PCA). Transformed T87 cells were cryopreserved using established protocols, and GUS expression was maintained within a 2-fold variance. These results indicate that cryopreservation of T87 cells is useful for comprehensive metabolomics research and for the large scale collection of transformed cultured cell lines for functional genomics research. Keywords: Arabidopsis, cryopreservation, encapsulation-dehydration, suspension-cultured cells, metabolic profiling, GC-TOF-MS
CryoLetters 29 (5), 437-445 (2008) CRYOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF MANNOPROTEIN FROM THE CELL MEMBRANE OF Pichia anomala Hidehisa Kawahara*, Naoko Omori, and Hitoshi Obata Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680 Japan. Abstract Some organisms like bacteria and plants have a cryoprotective protein to cryopreserve the freeze-labile enzyme under stable conditions having high activity. By screening of the cryoprotective activities of various food-industrial yeasts, we found that the cell membrane component that was a glucanase extractable component in Pichia anomala NBRC 141 had a high level of cryoprotective activity against freeze-labile lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The absorption of the active compound in the crude extract by ConA-Sepharose chromatography suggested that this active compound might be a glycoprotein (COGP). Strain NBRC had the COGP constantly without the treatment of cold acclimation. The active compound, that is, a COGP, could be homogeneously purified using DEAE-TOYOPEARL and Sephacryl S-400 chromatography. The purified COGP had a cryoprotective activity of 50.9% at a sugar concentration of 17.9 μ/ml. The molecular weight of purified COGP was 83,000, which was composed of one protein with a molecular weight of 22,000 and polysaccharide. Furthermore, the constituent sugar of COGP was only D-mannose based on HPLC analysis of its acid hydrolysate. Also, we confirmed that the cryoprotective activity of COGP was higher than those of the commercial cell membrane components. The CP50 of COGP was 2.8 X 10 2 nM, which was half to the CP50 of BSA. This is the first report, to our knowledge, that the cell membrane component of Pichia anomala had a high level of cryoprotective activity against a freeze-labile enzyme. Key words: cryoprotective activity; Pichia anomala; mannoprotein |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Abstracts |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
For Abstracts published from meetings, such as SLTB meetings, go to the
relevant Volume Year of the journal (above). For Full text Free Access Content (from 2000 onwards) go to CryoLetters at Ingenta and look for the blue symbol. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
